Benadryl, also known by its generic name Diphenhydramine, is a widely used over-the-counter medication for treating allergies, colds, and even insomnia. It’s found in almost every household medicine cabinet.
Recently, this very topic “Does Benadryl do more harm than good?” trended on The New York Times, raising widespread concern and conversations among medical professionals and everyday users alike.
But what’s really behind the worry? Let’s break down the facts.
What Is Benadryl Used For?
Benadryl is an antihistamine, meaning it blocks histamine, a substance your body produces during an allergic reaction. People use it to treat:
- Runny nose and sneezing
- Itchy or watery eyes
- Hives or rashes
- Motion sickness
- Short-term insomnia
While its effects are fast and effective, the long-term impact of Benadryl is increasingly under scrutiny.
👉 Read more about how antihistamines work
Short-Term Side Effects of Benadryl
Even in the short term, Benadryl comes with some common side effects, especially because it’s a first-generation antihistamine, which means it crosses the blood-brain barrier and affects the central nervous system.
- Drowsiness and sedation
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- Difficulty urinating
- Constipation
These side effects are especially dangerous when driving or operating machinery.
The Long-Term Risks: A Cause for Concern
Studies have shown that long-term and frequent use of Benadryl may be linked to cognitive decline and even dementia. A 2015 study published in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed a connection between high cumulative use of anticholinergic drugs (like Benadryl) and an increased risk of dementia.
👉 JAMA Study: Anticholinergic Use and Dementia Risk
Additionally, children and older adults are particularly vulnerable. In children, Benadryl can cause paradoxical excitement, while in the elderly, it may lead to confusion, falls, and worsening memory.
Are There Safer Alternatives?
Yes. There are second-generation antihistamines that are less sedating and have fewer side effects, including:
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
These are often a better choice for long-term or frequent use.
When Is Benadryl Still Useful?
Despite its downsides, Benadryl may still be appropriate in certain situations:
- Emergency allergic reactions (when epinephrine isn’t available)
- Short-term sleep aid (though not recommended by sleep experts)
- Motion sickness for short travel
But it’s crucial to use it sparingly and only when recommended by a doctor.
Final Verdict: Helpful or Harmful?
Benadryl is not inherently dangerous—but frequent use, especially in older adults, children, or as a sleep aid, is not advised. While it offers quick relief, the risks may outweigh the benefits in the long run.
Always consult with a healthcare provider before using any medication regularly.